The chain actually came apart?
That's nice while at speed.
That mangled piece at the center of the wheel is the remains of the plastic dust cover that fits over the metal part it is sitting on called the wheel spacer.
When in original form, it prevents dirt and debris from directly pelting the seal it covers, and that seal seals the wheel bearing on that side.
For all I know sitting here looking at your pics, the bike is still perfectly ridable with only a new chain.
It shows the typical physical damage done to the usual parts from a chain derailing while at speed, which is often not pretty if it does happen.
There are ugly-looking gouges on the swingarm, wheel hub, sprocket bolts, sprocket, and the mentioned wheel spacer, but I can't be sure whether or not they are damaged only as far as cosmetics go, or if something is wrecked enough to need replacing.
My advice, naturally, is to have a guy who is qualified to get his hands and nose in there, take it apart, and make a decision.